UnitOne

=Unit One [Chapter One - Chapter Five]=

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The Chesapeake Region
The Chesapeake Region started with the founding of Jamestown by the London Company and consisted of mostly Virginia and Maryland. Many colonists were not immune to Malaria, a disease in America which they have no yet been exposed to. Because of this, many colonists died off and others were too weak to support themselves. During "the starving time" in 1609-1610, colonists settled there could not find food and were without the help of the natives because of earlier attacks and raids. Tobacco is a crop the natives have been planting for years when John Rolfe decided to produce higher quality tobacco which causes the expansion of the lands. Tobacco unfertilized soil in a matter of a few years and because of this, the demand for farming lands increased and the colonies expanded. The demand for labor workers increased because the farmers need laborers to work on the plantations/farms which would eventually lead to the high demand for slaves because people would rather not pay for labor and keep the profit for themselves.

Anne Hutchinson & The Puritans
Anne Hutchinson strongly believed that almost all the ministers in Massachusetts did not have the authority to preach in churches. She also believed that women should take a more dominant role in religion and their beliefs rather than being mother and tending to their husbands. Besides questioning the church authorities, Hutchinson also refused to listen to them. The Puritans had a problem with Anne Hutchinson because she was questioning all the beliefs and practices of the church and religion. Puritans do not believe that women should have a leading role when it comes to religion and after Hutchinson's accusations, the Puritan Church became more strict when it came to women in the congregations. Because of Hutchinson's accusations, it made people question their beliefs as well as the church authorities.

Different Types of Colonies in America
1. **Royal** - Colonies that were completely ruled by representatives of the monarch; the monarch has complete control. 2. **Proprietary** - Individually or group owned colonies. Almost had absolute rule over colony but had to pay an annual fee to the monarch. 3. **Chartered** - Colonies established by private enterprises after receiving a charter from the monarch. Had more control over the colony than England, but not absolute rule. Charters can be repealed and made a royal colony. 4. **Self-governing** - Colonies were the people elected the legislature. The legislature could make most decisions without notifying the king.

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Birth Rate Factors

 * Desire for a male child.
 * Sex ratio.
 * Religious Beliefs
 * Economy
 * Laws - Government Policy

Death Rate Factors

 * Knowledge of medicines
 * Poverty
 * Advanced weaponry.
 * Epidemics
 * Ethnicity (People from different parts of the world are more or less prone to different diseases.)
 * Natural Disasters
 * Crime/War
 * Food shortages

Social Mobility
Social Mobility is an individual or group's ability to move up or down the social hierarchy (change their social class). The social mobility of a person during the colonial times depended on your wealth as well as your control over people. The land you have did not play a big part in the social hierarchy because there were plenty of land in the colonies while they were lacking colonists. Social mobility would have been easier to achieve in the north because there was a large merchant class which meant that people were constantly making money and what not. In the south however, the wealthy people had control over the smaller farmers and there was not much room to change that because it was either you had a large plantation, was making a lot of money, and had a lot of people working for you or you didn't. Today, there is room for social mobility because opportunities can arise at any moment but at the same time, you can lose your job quickly especially if the economy is falling.

Birth Rates, Death Rates And Social Mobility
Low birth rates and high death rates equate to less competition and more social mobility because there are people dying constantly and not many people being born since there is a low death rate so the people who are alive do not really have to compete with a lot of other people. On the other hand, high birth rates and low death rates equate to more competition and less social mobility because since less people are dying, they get to keep control of their lands for longer and there is no competition over their land. If the land belongs to someone, then no one else can take it from them unless they choose to buy it from the owner. Higher Class --> Higher birth rate, lower death rate because they have more resources to medicine, etc. Low Class --> Higher death rate --> more of them, less resources and medicines.

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French And Indian War
Map Analysis - Page 111
 * French lands in America --> Only part of an island.
 * Proclamation Line of 1763 was established. --> English ignored the boundary, settled into western lands anyway.
 * North western areas were left unexplored.
 * North eastern lands were under British control.
 * South western lands were under Spanish control
 * Russians owned part of Alaska

Summary of the French and Indian War
The French and Indian war was a war between the British and the French all over the world. In America, the French army were allied with the colonists and almost all the Indian tribes also sided with the French except for the Iroquois. William Pitt then takes over the British army, drafting/forcing colonists to join the army but does compensate the colonists for weapons or anything else the soldiers had confiscated before. In addition, Pitt also send more troops to America to help in the war. When the French suffered from bad harvests, the number of British soldiers/colonists outnumbered the French ones and the French eventually surrendered. The Peace of Paris was also made which forced the French to surrender its lands in India and colonies in Canada and eastern colonies in America to the British while surrendering its lands west of the Mississippi to the Spanish. The only land that was left for the French in America was New Orleans. The French and Indian war helped to expand the British Empire.

Declaration of Independence Wordle
media type="custom" key="7034955" The most common words in the Declaration of Independence include: government, laws, states, and people.
 * "Government"** would be really common because they wanted to separate from England's government since the colonists had a lot of complaints against the English government. The colonists also wanted to start their own governments in the colonies which is another reason why they might have used the word "government" often.
 * "Laws"** is another word that the colonists would have used often because they were against the laws that the British government had imposed on them. The colonists also had made up their own laws and such, so therefore they would not really have to follow British laws anymore.
 * "States"** is another popular word because that is what the colonists started calling the colonies they lived in. According to Americans, they lived in states within the United States instead of in colonies governed by England. Also instead of calling the governments they had "colonial governments", they called them "state governments".
 * "People" -** The colonists did not think the government were treating the people of the colonies fairly which was probably mentioned often in the declaration. Also, the Declaration of Independence most likely lists all the things the people of America were unsatisfied with them for and the opinions of the people living in the colonies.

Assumptions of Republicanism - Page 149
> * Wanted to set up a Meritocracy --> what you have is based on your effort and talents, you get what you deserve. [Enlightenment Ideas]
 * Active citizens, engaged in the political process.
 * Equal opportunities, must work for your way up social classes. "All men are created equal" Equal rights & opportunities -- not equal lives, conditions. "Men" referred to white males.
 * Many independent property holders.
 * No supreme authority - all citizens had the power. / Representative Democracy

Assumptions of Republicanism - Analysis
The assumptions made by the Americans about republicanism were not entirely accurate because of the persisent inequality. The Americans wanted stand by the belief that "all men are created equal", yet there was an uneven balance between populations of people. The white men had the most rights while women, slaves, and Native Americans did not have as much rights or opportunities.

Centralized Powers

 * In terms of declaring war, we think that the states should get to vote on it because of they are the ones who are involved and are the ones who are going to be affected if war does break out.
 * In terms of immigration, the power is with the national government. The national government makes policies to make sure the country does not overpopulate. If each state had its own immigration policies, the states would overpopulate and people would have to move to other states which would affect the other states immigratration policies.
 * In terms of alliances and treaties, the power should and is with the national government. If the states had the ability to make alliances and treaties, they might as well become their own independent nation. Also, if two different states became alliances with two different nations that did not get along, the states could break out in war.
 * In terms of taxes, the power should stay with the states because the size and population of the states differ. The bigger the state is and the larger the population is, the more taxes the state government would need because they need to support more people.
 * Education should be national because people around country are learning things at different paces and some learn more about a topic while others are learning less about it. People in some states are more educated than those in other states.