UnitSeven

=﻿[Chapters TwentySeven - Thirty]=

Previewing Chapter TwentySeven

 * Neutrality abandoned.
 * America First Committee -- thought of itself first -- nationalism over internationalism.
 * France falls
 * Germany invades the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republicans)
 * Lend-Lease -- lending/leasing weaponry to other nations.
 * Pearl Harbor
 * Tokyo's Decision for War

Top Ten Key Terms/Concepts for Chapter 27
Washington Conference - Attempt to avoid a naval weaponry race between America, Britain, and Japan that would have cost a lot of money.

Circular Loans - loaned money to Germany who paid off reparations to France & England, who then used the money to pay off their wear debts back to the U.S. from WWI.

Isolationism - For a long time, Americans debated whether they should keep to themselves (isolationism) or if they should get involved with foreign nations (internationalism).

Failure of Appeasement - The conditions agreed on in the Munich conference were known as the “appeasement” --> Hitler violated the conditions when he took over the entire country of Czechoslovakia – threatened Poland

Cash and Carry - nations engaged in war are allowed to buy weaponry from the U.S. with cash and carry it away with them – U.S. were still not allowed to travel to a war zone.

Lend-lease - a system of lending or leasing of weaponry to foreign nations in dire need of U.S. assistance - weapons would be lent / leased on the word of the Nation that they would return/pay for it later on.

Fall of France - While Hitler invaded France from the north, --> June 10th --> Mussolini involved Italy in the war and attacked France from the south which resulted in its collapse in June 22nd, 1940.

Germany Invades the USSR - German invades the Soviet Union violating the Nazi-Soviet pact made in 1939; Germany quickly attacked Russia in hopes of getting them to surrender which they did not do; U.S. extended the Lend-lease policy to the Soviets which would later help from a Soviet-American alliance.

Pearl Harbor - Japanese attacked Hawaii who not expect an attack - lost “8 battleships, 3 cruisers, 4 other vessels, 188 airplanes” and 2,000+ soldiers and sailors -- increased American support for war.

Declaring War - December 8th, 1941 --> U.S. declares war on Japan; December 11th, 1941 --> Germany and Italy declares war on the U.S. & U.S. declares war on Germany and Italy in the same day.

DBQ Writing Thesis Examples

 * 1) Analyze the political, diplomatic, and military reasons for the United States victory in the Revolutionary War. Confine your answer to the period 1775–1783.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Between 1775 and 1783, the United States victory in the Revolutionary War was due to a cause the soldiers were passionate about, their allies, and strong leaders.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Soldiers - passionate about their cause (freedom/independence) - weren't just fighting for land.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Had allies - the French - who supported
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Good leaders - ex. Washington D.C.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Fighting on their own lands -- knew what the lands were like.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2. Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery into western territories contributed to the coming of the Civil War. Confine your answer to the period 1845–1861.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">From 1845 to 1861, controversies over the extension of slavery into western territories such as an unbalanced Congress as well as a violation of the Missouri Compromise contributed to the coming of the Civil War.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3. Analyze the roles that women played in Progressive Era reforms from the 1880s through 1920. Focus your essay on TWO of the following : Politics, Social Conditions, Labor and working Conditions.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Free labor
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Unbalanced Congress
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Violated the Missouri Compromise

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">During the Progressive Era reforms from the 1800s through 1920, women played a very importanta role in the reforming of social conditions as well as labor and working conditions. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">4. Explain the causes and consequences of TWO of the following population movements in the United States during the period 1945–1985. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- Suburbanization, The growth of the Sun Belt, Immigration to the United States

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">XVII. World War II, 1931-1945
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1. Prior to American involvement in both the First and Second World Wars, the U.S.<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> adopted an official policy of neutrality. **Compare** the policy and its modifications during the period 1914-1917 to the policy and its modifications during the period 1939-1941. (1982, question 5)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The official U.S. policy of neutrality made prior to American involvement in the First World War were in favor of the Allies while the Neutrality Act prior to World War Two included modifications such as the lend-lease system and the cash-and-carry policy which favored the Allies during the war.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Policy of Neutrality (1914-1917) - Benefited the Allies
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">U.S. would not intervene in European affairs.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Will continue to trade with all nations.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Will not side with one side over the other.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Continued to trade with Britain even though Britain blocked off German ports.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Policy of Neutrality (1939-1941) - Benefitted the Allies.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lend-lease
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cash-and-carry

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2. "Vice Presidents who have succeeded to the presidency on the death of the President have been less effective in their conduct of domestic AND foreign policy than the men they replaced." Assess the validity of this statement for any TWO of the following pairs. William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S Truman John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson (1989, question 6)

In the case of Theodore Roosevelt, his sucession to presidency on the death of McKinley has been more effective in his conduct of domestic policy which makes the statement invalid.

Theodore Roosevelt -

William McKinley -

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3. The United States<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> decision to drop an atomic bomb on Hiroshima<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> was a diplomatic measure calculated to intimidate the Soviet Union in the post-Second-World-War era rather than a strictly military measure designed to force Japan<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">'s unconditional surrender. Evaluate this statement using the documents and your knowledge of the military and diplomatic history of the years 1939 through 1947. (1988, DBQ)

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Top Ten Key Terms/Concepts for Chapter 28
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Stalingrad - Location where an important battle was won by the Red Army (Soviet Union) against Germany (Winter of 1942-1943) – ceased threat of Soviet Union collapse; stopped Germany from advancing to the east

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Union Gains - War = Union membership increase == 10.5 million (1941) - 13+ million (1945); Little Steel Formula = Max 15% increase on wartime wages; “No-Strike” Pledge - people will not stop production in times of war.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Two Front War - United States was fighting against the Japanese on the west while fighting against Germany in Europe.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ultra/Magic - Programs made by Britain/U.S. in order to break German/Japanese codes and messages.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Code-Talkers" - Native Americans would talk in their own language over the radio/telephones to other native Americans in other military bases - Germans/Japanese would not be able to understand.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Dramatic Increase in Woman Workers - Increased by 60%; made up 1/3 of paid workers in 1945

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Relocation" Centers - rounded up 100,000+ Japanese and usually relocated them into western mountains and deserts where the conditions were harsh and uncomfortable

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">D-Day - Invasion of France lands which were occuppied by Germany forces at the time - 3 million troops and the greatest array of naval vessels and armaments were all stationed in England awaiting this day to attack against the Germans

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Battle at Leyte Gulf - Island in the Philippines; Largest naval engagement ever; U.S> à sank 4 Japanese carriages – destroyed Japan’s ability at continuing the war.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Hiroshima/Nagasaki - Cities in Japan where the U.S. used Atomic Bombs on in order to end the war.

World War II Image Analysis


The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on Sunday, December 7th, 1941 was the final push that finalized the United State's decision to join the World War in Europe despite the fact that they were previously against joining the war.

The Battle of the Bulge against the Germans and the Allies was the last counter offensive by the Germans and ended German resistance in the west.

The Cold War (1945-1990)
Europe, Asia, North America Communism v. Democratic Capitalism

Important People --> Karl Marx, Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin, Khrushchev Laws, rules, regulations, taxes ||= Communism ||
 * = **United States** ||= **U.S.S.R.** ||
 * = Capitalism - mixed system
 * = Representative Democracy ||= Dictatorship ||
 * Communism
 * A form of government where the government plans and controls the nation's economy.


 * Dictatorship
 * When a government is ruled by a ruler who is given absolute power over a nation.
 * Killed whoever wanted to kill
 * Targeted ethnic groups

As of 1953 Who Was Winning the Cold War?

 * Soviet Union
 * Communism was spreading despite UN efforts to contain it.
 * Took over China -- made it a Communist nation.
 * Red-Scare
 * Widespread American panic.
 * McCarthyism
 * North Korea --> Became communist.
 * Developed nuclear weapons like the U.S.


 * United States
 * Containment worked in some countries.
 * Worked in Korea.
 * South Korea stayed non-communist



==<span style="font-size: 1.3em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Top Ten Key Terms/Concepts for Chapter 29 ** ==

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">America's Postwar Vision - Vision where all nations leave their traditional beliefs behind and all become democratic nations – having an international organizer that will deal with international disputes.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">National Security Act of 1947 - Department of Defense oversees all the military; National Security Council will be established to oversee foreign/military policies; CIA will secretly engage in political and military operations to protect America; expanded president’s powers for the better of the country.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Truman Doctrine - U.S. would support free nations who are resisting the subjugation of armed people or outside nations; also requested $400 million to help get the armed Soviet Union forces out of Greece and Turkey and assist Greece economically.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization; An attack against one member of the organization = attack on all of them = sticking together; defend against Soviet invasion;

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">GI Bill - Provided economic and educational assistance to veterans which increased spending.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Taft-Harley Act - “Closed shops” were made illegal – you need to be a member of a union in order to be hired.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Truman's "Fair Deal" - Expansion of social security benefits, minimum wage = 60 cents an hour, a Fair Employment Practices Act, public housing, public works planning, government promotion of scientific research.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">McCarthyism's Appeal - Provided its supporters where they could channel a wide range of resentments – fear of communism, animosity toward the country’s eastern establishment, and frustrated partisan ambitions.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The McCarran Internal Security Act - Requires all communist organizations to resister with the government and to public their records – Truman vetoed – congress overruled veto.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Rebuilding Europe - Wanted to help the reconstruction of Europe mainly so that it would not turn into a Communist government and to help restore the strong economic market for American produce.

McCarthyism

 * Russian/Soviet spies were in America
 * Some communist believers were possibly in the government at the time.

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DBQ - American Expansionism



 * Manifest Destiny
 * Expand all the way west
 * Occupy ALL the unoccupied lands
 * Louisiana Purchase
 * Expansion westward
 * Gained a lot of land in central America
 * Expansion of lands in the U.S.
 * New territories
 * Spread of slavery
 * American Imperialism
 * Building of an "empire"
 * Taking over lands that are already inhabited.
 * Taking away rights from other people
 * Violating the Declaration of Independence/U.S. Constitution
 * New purposes for Expansion
 * Increasing international power.
 * Control over trade.
 * New markets to sell American goods.

Truman's Presidency - Video Notes

 * 33rd president; Democratic
 * Got into politics at 50 years of age.
 * Blunt, good leader, had common sense, honest
 * Always stuck by his ideas even if he lost votes.
 * Made the choice of dropping the atomic bombs.
 * Containment of Communism -- not just stopping it temporarily.
 * "Truman Doctrine"
 * U.S. can help any nation trying to fend off communist influence
 * Spent millions of dollars to help rebuild Europe
 * Equality in Europe
 * Yet, racism/segregation/discrimination in the U.S.
 * Ended the discrimination in the military. -- Supported integration in the army
 * Lost a lot of southern democratic votes.
 * Dewey --> Expected presidency, did not really campaign while Truman campaigned a lot.
 * China --> Became a communist nation
 * U.S. go to the defense of South Korea when North Korea invaded it.
 * Turned into a stalemate.
 * Ho Chi Minh of Vietnam - Communist.
 * Asked for Truman's assistance to get out of France colonial control.
 * France also asked for help.

Eisenhower's Presidency - Video Notes

 * Both the Republicans and the Democrats wanted to nominate him as the presidential candidate.
 * Sided with the Republicans to run for presidency.
 * 34th President of the U.S.
 * Known as the mastermind of D-Day
 * Inspirational leader, confident, decent
 * People though tthat other people were making the presidential decisions for Eisenhower
 * In reality, Eisenhower was the one who was making the final decision.
 * Downsized the military
 * Spent less money on it
 * Spent more money on infrastructure and a better way of life.
 * Federal Highway Act -- Connected all the major cities together.
 * Wanted to avoid war yet he used to be in charge of the military.
 * A lot of conformity during this time
 * Was critiqued.
 * Segregation was banned in public schools -- Brown v. the Board of Education (Supreme Court Case)
 * Eisenhower did not think it was time for desegregation.
 * Did not think the south was ready for it.
 * French defeated in Vietnam
 * Helped the nation become more involved in international/foreign affairs.
 * Great prosperity in the U.S.
 * As of 1960
 * America felt like they were losing the Cold War
 * Sputnik -- Soviet Union sent their first satellite into space before the U.S.
 * Cuba